half of the book, Joshua’s old age is noted twice (13:1 and 23:1). This repetition is tied to a broader conflict in theme concerning the scope of the conquest. The total conquest of the land is affirmed in Josh 11:21–23; 21:43–45; and 24:13; yet Josh 13:1–6 and 23:1–16 counter that the land was only partially conquered. The literary repetitions in Joshua indicate an editorial revision that spans the entire book. As noted, Smend characterized many of these additions as the DtrN (1971). His literary-critical